Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. · Simaroubaceae · Dried Bark (Kattai)
The Bitter Bark That Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani All Agree On — For Respiratory, Digestive, and Skin Conditions
Peru Maram Kattai (பெருமரம் கட்டை) is the dried bark of Ailanthus excelsa, a towering deciduous tree known in Sanskrit as Aralu and in English as the Indian Tree of Heaven. It is one of the rare herbs documented across all three major Indian medical systems — Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani — as well as folk medicine traditions throughout South and Central India. The bark’s intensely bitter taste signals its therapeutic potency: rich in quassinoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, it has been clinically studied for bronchodilatory, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. Moolihai supplies whole dried bark pieces (kattai), wild-harvested and naturally processed, ready for traditional decoction preparation.
100% Wild-Harvested
Naturally grown, no chemical processing
Triple-System Herb
Documented in Ayurveda, Siddha & Unani
Research-Backed
Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory studies published
Ships Worldwide
Free shipping to USA, UK & Canada over $99
Understanding the Herb
What Is Peru Maram (Ailanthus excelsa)?
Ailanthus excelsa — called Peru Maram (பெருமரம்) in Tamil, Maharukh or Ghoda Karanj in Hindi, and Aralu in Sanskrit — is a large deciduous tree growing 18–25 metres tall with a straight cylindrical trunk measuring 60–80 cm in diameter. It belongs to the Simaroubaceae family (the quassia family), a group of plants renowned for producing some of the most bitter and medicinally active compounds in the plant kingdom. The tree is indigenous to Central and Southern India, commonly found in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu, where it grows along field edges, riverbeds, and village boundaries.
The bark — which is what this Moolihai product contains — is the most therapeutically valued part of the tree. In young trees, the bark is pale grey and smooth; in mature trees, it becomes aromatic, intensely bitter, and slightly rough. This bitterness is not incidental — it indicates the presence of quassinoids, a class of compounds unique to the Simaroubaceae family that have demonstrated potent antimalarial, anthelmintic, and anticancer activity in laboratory studies. The bark also contains significant concentrations of alkaloids, flavonoids (including vitexin), triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and oleanolic acid.
In Ayurvedic pharmacology, Aralu bark is classified as Tikta (bitter) and Kashaya (astringent) in taste, Rooksha (dry) in quality, and Katu (pungent) in post-digestive effect. It is an important ingredient in classical formulations including Pusyanuga Churna, Brahat Gangadhara Churna, and Dasmularista — and is a key component in the widely used Pilex ointment for haemorrhoids. In Siddha medicine, it is used extensively for respiratory conditions, parasitic infections, and fever management.
Known Across India
Names of Ailanthus excelsa in Different Languages
This tree has been used across the Indian subcontinent for centuries, with each region assigning its own name. Its presence in Sanskrit medical texts under multiple synonyms reflects its long medicinal history.
Tamil
பெருமரம் (Peru Maram), Pi-Nari Maram, Peruvagai
Hindi
जंगली सर्व (Jangli Sarva), महानींब (Mahanimb), घोड़ा करंज (Ghoda Karanj), आडू (Adu)
Sanskrit
Aralu, Pooti Vruksha, Deergha Vrunta, Mahanimba, Katavanga
Malayalam
പീമരം (Peemaram)
Telugu
పెద్దమాను (Pedda Manu)
Gujarati
Ardusi, Aralavo
English
Indian Tree of Heaven, Coromandel Ailanto
Botanical
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (Family: Simaroubaceae)
Classical Classification
Ayurvedic & Siddha Pharmacological Profile
Aralu has a well-defined pharmacological identity in Ayurvedic texts. Understanding its properties through the lens of classical rasa-guna-vipaka classification helps practitioners select it appropriately and predict its therapeutic action.
Rasa (Taste)
Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent) — the intense bitterness signals high quassinoid and alkaloid content
Guna (Quality)
Rooksha (Dry) — reduces excess moisture and Kapha accumulation in the body
Vipaka (Post-Digestive)
Katu (Pungent) — stimulates digestive fire and promotes elimination
Virya (Potency)
Sheeta (Cooling) — acts as a refrigerant and febrifuge, reducing internal heat and fever
Karma (Action)
Krimighna (anthelmintic), Jvaraghna (antipyretic), Kasahara (antitussive), Deepana (appetizer)
Dosha Effect
Pacifies Kapha and Pitta doshas; may aggravate Vata in excess due to its drying quality
Classical Formulations
Pusyanuga Churna, Brahat Gangadhara Churna, Dasmularista, Aralu Putpaka
Modern Products
Pilex ointment (haemorrhoid treatment) contains Ailanthus excelsa bark as a key ingredient
Therapeutic Applications
8 Documented Benefits of Peru Maram Bark
Ailanthus excelsa bark has an exceptionally broad therapeutic profile spanning respiratory, digestive, dermatological, and parasitic conditions. Here are its most important traditional and research-validated applications.
Respiratory Conditions — Bronchitis, Asthma & Chronic Cough
This is one of the bark’s primary traditional indications across all three medical systems. A 2021 study published in Ayurpharm International demonstrated bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Ailanthus excelsa leaf extract in animal models. The bark decoction is traditionally used to relieve bronchitis, asthma, chronic cough, and laboured breathing caused by congestion. Siddha practitioners in Tamil Nadu frequently prescribe Peru Maram decoction for persistent cough with phlegm — the bitter, drying quality of the bark cuts through Kapha accumulation in the lungs and opens the airways. For enhanced respiratory support, traditional practitioners often combine it with honey — try pairing with Moolihai’s Ginger Infused Honey.
Anthelmintic — Intestinal Worm Expulsion
Ailanthus excelsa bark is one of Ayurveda’s most respected Krimighna (worm-destroying) herbs. A 2014 study in the Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge confirmed the anthelmintic activity of bark extracts in laboratory models. The quassinoids — bitter compounds unique to the Simaroubaceae family — are believed to be responsible for this parasiticidal action. Traditional practitioners specifically prescribe the bark decoction for children with intestinal worm infestations, though this should always be done under qualified guidance given the bark’s potency. In folk medicine across Central and Southern India, the bark is also used to treat tapeworm infestations.
Digestive Healing — Dysentery, Diarrhoea & Gut Stabilisation
The bark’s astringent (Kashaya) quality makes it a potent traditional treatment for dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, and intestinal haemorrhage. In Chinese traditional medicine, Ailanthus bark is specifically used for bloody stools. In Ayurveda, it functions as a gut-stabilising agent that reduces excess mucous secretion, cleanses intestinal infections, and restores normal stool frequency. The classical formulation Brahat Gangadhara Churna — which contains Aralu bark — is specifically indicated for Atisara (diarrhoeal conditions). The bark is also classified as an appetiser (Deepana) that restores digestive fire after prolonged illness.
Febrifuge — Fever Reduction
Ailanthus excelsa bark has a long-documented history as a febrifuge — a substance that reduces fever. Its cooling (Sheeta) potency and bitter taste work together to dissipate excess heat from the body, making it particularly effective for fevers arising from infections, seasonal changes, and the Ayurvedic concept of Sannipatajvara (fever involving all three doshas). The bark decoction is used both in Siddha and Ayurvedic practice as a first-line herbal intervention for persistent fevers before resorting to stronger medicines. Its antimicrobial properties suggest it may address the underlying infection simultaneously.
Skin Conditions — Psoriasis, Rashes & Inflammation
The bark’s anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties — validated by studies demonstrating activity against E. coli and S. aureus — make it a traditional treatment for a range of dermatological conditions. Practitioners prescribe both internal decoctions and external bark paste applications for psoriasis, skin rashes, red patches, and general skin inflammation. The astringent quality helps dry out weeping lesions while the antimicrobial compounds address underlying infections. For skin conditions, Moolihai’s Poovarasan Pattai (Portia Tree Bark) and Portia Leaf Powder are often used in complementary protocols, with Peru Maram addressing internal detoxification and the Portia products providing topical treatment.
Cardiovascular Support — Heart Rate & Circulation
Ayurvedic and pharmacological texts document the bark’s antispasmodic and cardiac depressant properties — meaning it may help normalise irregular heart rhythms and reduce cardiovascular spasm. Traditional practitioners prescribe it for rapid and slow heart pulse irregularities, and the root bark specifically for heart troubles and epilepsy. The flavonoid vitexin, identified in the bark’s phytochemical profile, has demonstrated analgesic and cardiovascular-supportive properties in independent studies. This is a specialised therapeutic application that should only be pursued under qualified practitioner supervision.
Oral Health — Gum Disease, Ulcers & Bad Breath
Ailanthus excelsa bark has a specific traditional indication for oral health that is often overlooked. Ayurvedic texts note it is used to “remove the bad taste of the mouth” — a reference to its antimicrobial action against the bacteria that cause halitosis, gum infections, and mouth ulcers. The bark decoction can be used as a gargle for bleeding gums, gingivitis, and oral sores. The astringent tannins tighten gum tissue and reduce bleeding, while the alkaloids and phenolic compounds provide antimicrobial action. This dual mechanism — tightening and disinfecting — makes it particularly effective for chronic gum disease that hasn’t responded to conventional mouthwashes.
Emerging Research — Antimalarial & Anticancer Potential
Perhaps the most exciting area of modern research on Ailanthus excelsa involves its quassinoid compounds. Several quassinoids from the Simaroubaceae family have demonstrated potent antimalarial activity — including against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The compound excelsin, isolated from the bark, was found to inhibit malarial parasite growth at remarkably low concentrations. Additionally, a 2023 study in Heliyon demonstrated that bark fractions containing oleanolic acid and caftaric acid showed cytotoxic effects against multiple human cancer cell lines. While these are laboratory findings requiring clinical validation, they underscore the bark’s exceptional phytochemical richness and therapeutic potential.
Preparation Methods
How to Use Peru Maram Kattai
This is a potent medicinal bark — not a casual daily supplement. Always consult a qualified Ayurvedic, Siddha, or Unani practitioner before use, especially for determining dosage appropriate to your constitution and condition.
Traditional Bark Decoction (Kashayam)
Take 5–10 grams of dried bark pieces and soak them in 2 cups (400 ml) of water for 30 minutes. Bring to a gentle boil and simmer on low heat until the water reduces to approximately half (200 ml). Strain and drink warm. The resulting liquid will be intensely bitter — this is normal and indicates the extraction of active quassinoids and alkaloids. You may add a small amount of honey to temper the bitterness. This is the standard method prescribed in both Siddha and Ayurvedic practice for respiratory, digestive, and fever conditions.
Powdered Bark (Churna)
The dried bark pieces can be ground into a fine powder using a heavy-duty spice grinder or mortar and pestle. The powder is then used in classical Ayurvedic formulations or taken directly in doses of 1–3 grams with warm water or honey, as directed by a practitioner. Powdering increases the surface area for extraction and allows for more precise dosing. Store the powder in an airtight container away from moisture and light. This form is suitable for inclusion in compound formulations like those used in traditional Ayurvedic dispensaries.
External Bark Paste (Lepa)
For skin conditions — psoriasis, rashes, inflammation, and infected wounds — grind the bark with a small amount of water to form a thick paste. Apply directly to the affected area and leave for 20–30 minutes before washing off. The antimicrobial and astringent compounds work topically to reduce infection and inflammation. For ear-related conditions (swelling of salivary glands), the traditional method uses leaf paste rather than bark paste applied externally around the ear. For topical skin protocols, practitioners often combine this with Moolihai’s Sandalwood Powder for its cooling and soothing properties.
Oral Gargle for Gum & Mouth Health
Prepare a decoction as described in method 1 but allow it to cool to a comfortable warm temperature. Use this as a mouth rinse — swish the decoction around your mouth for 30–60 seconds, ensuring it reaches all gum surfaces, then spit. Repeat 2–3 times per session. Use morning and evening for bleeding gums, mouth ulcers, gingivitis, or persistent bad breath. The astringent tannins immediately tighten gum tissue, while the antimicrobial compounds work against the oral bacteria causing the condition. Do not swallow the gargle solution — spit it out completely.
Product Details
At a Glance
Weight Options
100 gms (3.5 oz), 250 gms (0.55 lb), 450 gms (1 lb)
Form
Whole dried bark pieces (Kattai) — grind or decoct before use
Origin
India — wild-harvested from natural stands
Botanical Family
Simaroubaceae (Quassia family)
Key Compounds
Quassinoids, alkaloids, flavonoids (vitexin), triterpenoids, oleanolic acid
Medical Systems
Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Folk medicine
Agriculture
90% wild-harvested, 100% organic, no chemical processing
Potency Level
High — use under practitioner guidance; not for casual daily supplementation
Delivery
Worldwide Express Shipping
Every order ships directly from Tamil Nadu, India via premium carriers. Typical delivery takes 5–7 business days.
United States
5–7 business days via DHL/UPS Express
United Kingdom
5–7 business days via DHL/FedEx Express
Canada
5–7 business days via UPS/DHL Express
Common Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
No — this is a common and important confusion. Ailanthus excelsa (the Indian Tree of Heaven) and Ailanthus altissima (the Chinese Tree of Heaven, widely invasive in North America and Europe) are related species from the same genus but are distinct plants with different phytochemical profiles and traditional uses. Ailanthus excelsa is indigenous to India and Sri Lanka, has a long and well-documented history in Ayurvedic and Siddha medicine, and is the species used in classical formulations. Ailanthus altissima, while also medicinally studied, has a different distribution of active compounds and is primarily known in Chinese traditional medicine. The Moolihai product is genuine Ailanthus excelsa sourced from India — not Ailanthus altissima. If you’re familiar with the invasive tree growing across the United States, rest assured this is a different species with a distinct (and far longer documented) medicinal heritage.
Extremely bitter — and intentionally so. In Ayurveda, the bitter taste (Tikta rasa) is considered therapeutic in itself: it reduces excess Kapha and Pitta, cleanses the blood, and stimulates digestive enzymes. The Sanskrit name Pooti Vruksha (literally “foul-smelling tree”) gives you a sense of its intensity. That said, there are ways to make the decoction more manageable. Adding raw honey after the decoction has cooled to a drinkable temperature helps significantly — Moolihai’s Marthandam Honey is ideal for this purpose. Some practitioners add a small piece of dried ginger or a few drops of lemon juice. You can also take the powdered form mixed directly into honey as a paste, swallowed quickly with warm water, which minimises the prolonged bitter taste on the palate. Never add sugar to medicinal decoctions — it can interfere with the therapeutic action.
Ailanthus excelsa bark is traditionally used for intestinal worms in children, and this is one of its most well-documented applications in folk medicine across India. However — and this is critical — this is a potent herb that should never be administered to children without qualified practitioner guidance. The dosage for children is significantly lower than for adults, and the duration of treatment must be carefully monitored. An Ayurvedic or Siddha physician will determine the appropriate dose based on the child’s age, weight, and constitution, and will likely use the bark as part of a compound formulation rather than as a standalone decoction. Self-administering this bark to children based on internet information is strongly discouraged. For mild cases, your practitioner may recommend gentler anthelmintic herbs first and reserve Aralu bark for more resistant infestations.
This is a high-potency medicinal bark with several important contraindications. Pregnant women must absolutely avoid this product — studies have documented anti-implantation and abortifacient activity in Ailanthus excelsa bark and leaf extracts, meaning it can cause miscarriage. Breastfeeding women should also avoid use. People with predominantly Vata constitution or existing Vata imbalance (characterised by dryness, anxiety, irregular digestion) should use cautiously, as the bark’s dry (Rooksha) quality can aggravate Vata. Do not use long-term without practitioner supervision — this is not a daily health supplement but a targeted therapeutic agent meant for specific conditions for specific durations. If you are on heart medications, blood thinners, or anti-malarial drugs, consult your physician before use due to potential interactions with the bark’s cardiac-active and antimalarial compounds.
Dried bark is one of the most shelf-stable forms of herbal medicine, provided it’s stored correctly. Keep the bark pieces in an airtight container in a cool, dry, dark place — away from direct sunlight, moisture, and strong odours (the bark can absorb surrounding smells). A glass jar with a tight-fitting lid is ideal. Do not refrigerate; room temperature storage is sufficient. Properly stored, the dried bark maintains its medicinal potency for 18–24 months. You’ll know the bark is still potent if it retains its characteristic bitter taste and slight aroma when you break a piece. If it becomes soft, develops mould, or loses its bitterness completely, it has degraded and should be discarded. If you grind the bark into powder, use it within 3 months for maximum efficacy.
In traditional Ayurvedic and Siddha practice, herbs are almost always used in combination rather than isolation — and Ailanthus excelsa bark features in many classical compound formulations. However, specific combinations should be guided by a qualified practitioner who understands herb-herb interactions and your individual constitution. Some traditional pairings include combining Peru Maram bark with Arjuna bark (Terminalia arjuna) for cardiovascular support, or using it alongside Moolihai’s Boswellia Serrata Extract for inflammatory conditions. For respiratory complaints, practitioners sometimes combine the bark decoction with Moolihai’s Turmeric Ashwagandha Herbal Tea as part of a broader respiratory wellness protocol. Avoid self-combining Peru Maram bark with other potent bitter or drying herbs without guidance, as excessive dryness can aggravate Vata dosha and cause unintended side effects.
Important Disclaimer: This is a potent medicinal herb. It has not been evaluated by the FDA, AYUSH, or any other regulatory authority. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The information provided is based on Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani medical texts, published pharmacological research, and traditional use documentation — it is for educational purposes only. Do not use during pregnancy — documented abortifacient activity. Do not use while breastfeeding. Do not administer to children without qualified practitioner guidance. Consult a qualified Ayurvedic, Siddha, or Unani physician before use, especially if you are taking medications or have pre-existing heart, liver, or kidney conditions. Individual results may vary.



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